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1 Judicial and Legal System
The 1976 Constitution and 1982 revisions provide for three fundamental courts, each with different functions, as well as other special courts, including a military court. The three principal courts are the Constitutional Court, Supreme Court of Justice, and Supreme Court of Administration. The Constitutional Court determines whether legislative acts (laws) are legal and constitutional. In addition, it ascertains the physical ability of the president of the Republic to perform duties of office, as well as to determine the constitutionality of international agreements. Ten of this court's members are selected by the Assembly of the Republic.The Supreme Court of Justice, the highest court of law, heads the court system and tries civil and criminal cases. It includes first courts to try cases and courts of appeal. The Supreme Court of Administration examines the administrative and fiscal conduct of government institutions. All matters concerning judges, including the power to discipline judges whose conduct does not comply with the law, are overseen by the Higher Council of the Bench and the Superior Council of the Administrative and Fiscal Courts. There is also an Ombudsman, elected for a four-year term by the Assembly of the Republic, who serves as chief civil and human rights officer of the country. This officer receives 3,000-4,000 complaints a year from citizens who dispute acts of the judicial and legal system.Portugal's system of laws is based on Roman civil law and has been shaped by the French legal system. Unlike common law in the American and British legal systems, Portugal's system of laws is based on a complete body of law so that judicial reason is deductive. Legal precedent, then, has little influence. Portuguese judges are viewed as civil servants simply applying the law from codes, not as a judiciary who interpret law. While the post-1974 judicial and legal system is freer and fairer than that under the Estado Novo dictatorship, it has received criticism on the grounds of being very slow, cumbersome, overburdened with cases, and sometimes corrupt. There has been a backlog of untried cases and long delays before trial because of vacant judgeships and inefficient operations.Under Portuguese criminal law, preventive detention for a maximum of four months is legal. Much longer preventive detention terms occur due to the trial backlog. Memories persist of legal abuses under the Estado Novo system, when suspects convicted of crimes against the state could be detained legally for periods of from six months to three years. Media sensationalism and the cited problems of the judicial system exacerbated tensions in recent high-profile trials, including the 2004-05 trial of a child prostitution and pedophile ring, tried in Lisbon, with suspects including a celebrated television personality and a former diplomat.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Judicial and Legal System
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2 Unified State Register of Legal Entities
General subject: USRLEУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Unified State Register of Legal Entities
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3 государство государств·о
state; (страна) country, nationбыть гражданином / подданным какого-л. государства — to be a subject of a state
не признавать какое-л. государство — to withhold recognition from a state; not to recognize a state
основать / создать государство — to establish / to set up a state
признать какое-л. государство — to extend recognition to a state, to recognize a state
руководить государством — to guide / to run a state
аккредитующее государство — accrediting / sending state
давать право поднимать флаг и эмблему аккредитующего государства — to authorize the flying of the flag and the emblem of the sending state
бенефицирующее государство, государство, предоставляющее помощь — granting state
демократическое государство, основанное на конституции — democratic state based on a Constitution
зависимое государство — dependent / servile / tributary state / country
заинтересованные государства — interested states, states concerned
замкнутое шельфом государство (не имеющее непосредственного выхода к морскому дну, т. к. этот выход перекрыт шельфом другой страны) — shelf-locked country
литоральное / прибрежное государство — coastal / littoral / riparian state
миролюбивое государство — peace-loving state / nation
названное / указанное государство — state in question
направляющее / посылающее государство — sending state
независимое государство — independent state, independency
нейтральное государство — neutral state, neutral
неядерные государства, государства, не обладающие ядерным оружием — nonnuclear states, (nonnuclear) have-nots
побеждённое государство — vanquished power / state
пограничное государство — circumjacent state, border / bordering state
государство, подписавшееся и присоединившееся (к договору) — signatory and acceding state
"пороговое" государство (способное создать собственное ядерное оружие) — threshold / near nuclear state
правовое государство — law-governed / ruled state, state committed to the rule of law; legal state
принимающее государство — headquarters / host / receiving / admitting state
"прифронтовые" государства — front-line states
противолежащие государства, государства, расположенные друг против друга — opposite states
союзное государство — allied / Union state
федеративное государство — federal state, federative nation
ядерные государства — nuclear powers / states, haves
государство в государстве — imperium in imperio лат.; state within a state
государство, выступающее за сохранение смертной казни — retentionist state
государство, извлекающее / получающее выгоду от договора — state benefiting from a treaty
государства, имеющие материальные богатства — haves
государство, имеющее морскую границу — maritime state
государство, имеющее право быть участником договора — state entitled to become a party to the treaty
государство, которое приобретает территорию — acquiring state
государство, которое уступает территорию — ceding state
государство а, между которыми возник конфликт / спор — states at variance
государство, нарушившее договор — defaulting state
государства, находящиеся в состоянии войны / вооружённого конфликта — the belligerents, belligerent states / powers
государство, находящееся под протекторатом — state under the protectorate, protected state
государство, находящееся под сюзеренитетом — state under the suzerainty
государства, не входящие в данную международную организацию, государства, не являющиеся членами данной международной организации — nonmember states
государство, не имеющее выхода к морю — sea-locked state
государства, не имеющие материальных богатств — have-nots
государство, не имеющее морского берега / морской границы — states with no / having no sea-coast
государство, не сделавшее оговорки — nonreserving state
государства, не участвующие в конфликте — states not parties to a conflict
государство, не являющееся членом (организации, союза и т.п.) — nonmember state
государство, опирающееся (при проведении своей политики) на баланс сил — balancer разг.
государство, осуществляющее опеку — trustee
государство, отменившее смертную казнь — abolitionist state
государство, подписывающее договор / соглашение вместе с другими государствами — co-signatory
государство, подписавшее международное соглашение — signatory state; signatory
государство пребывания — state of residence, headquarters / host / receiving state
государство против Смита юр. — Crown vs Smith англ.
государство, совершившее противоправное действие — offending state
государства с различными социально-политическими системами — states with different social and political systems
руководство государства — leadership / headship of a state
статус государства — stal hood, nationhood
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > государство государств·о
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4 правовий стан
legal state, legal condition -
5 правовое положение
1) Law: legal status2) Economy: legal standing3) Advertising: legal regulation4) Patents: legal position5) Business: state of law6) leg.N.P. legal situation, legal status (of an individual or of a class or group of individuals)7) Politico-military term: legal stateУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > правовое положение
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6 правовое государство
1) General subject: a state governed by the rule of law2) Law: constitutional state, legal state, government under law (контекстуальный перевод на русс. язык), law-bound state3) Politics: rightful state, rule-of-law state4) EBRD: law-governed state, rule of lawУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > правовое государство
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7 правовое государство
law-based state, legal state, rightful stateРусско-английский политический словарь > правовое государство
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8 oikeustila
law• legal statelaw• legal condition -
9 правова держава
law-governed state, legal state -
10 правовой
правовы́е учрежде́ния — legal institutions
правова́я но́рма — principle of law
правова́я осно́ва — legal foundation
правова́я защи́та — legal protection / assistance
правово́е госуда́рство — (state governed by) the rule of law
жить в правово́м госуда́рстве — live under the rule of law
правово́е по́ле — legal framework
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11 правовой
legal -
12 государственно-правовой государственно-правово·й
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > государственно-правовой государственно-правово·й
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13 государственно-правовой
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > государственно-правовой
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14 государственно-правовой институт
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > государственно-правовой институт
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15 правовой институт
Бизнес, юриспруденция. Русско-английский словарь > правовой институт
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16 государственно-правовая надстройка
Русско-английский политический словарь > государственно-правовая надстройка
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17 государственно-правовой
Русско-английский политический словарь > государственно-правовой
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18 державна правова допомога
Українсько-англійський юридичний словник > державна правова допомога
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19 законний представник держави
Українсько-англійський юридичний словник > законний представник держави
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20 державно-правовий
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